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The Impact of Web-Scale Discovery on the Use of Electronic Resources
In 2015, the University of California, Berkeley, launched EBSCO Discovery Service (EDS), a web-scale discovery tool, with a goal of improving visibility and usage of collections. This study applies linear regression analysis to usage data for ebooks, ejournals, and abstracts and indexing (A&I) databases before and after implementation of EDS in order to identify correlations between the discovery layer and usage of library electronic resources across platforms. Our findings diverge from conclusions drawn in the previous literature that indicate that resource use generally increases after a discovery tool is implemented. We examine data from a longer period of time than the previous literature had, looking for statistically significant changes in resource use. The discovery layer at UC Berkeley did not lead to equal increases across platforms, but rather to a complex array of increases and decreases in use according to a variety of factors.
Blood screen findings in a two year cohort of newly arrived refugees to Sydney
Objectives To describe the prevalence of certain health conditions in newly arrived refugees to Sydney, and thereby help inform screening practices. Study type A clinical audit of routinely collected pathology results. Methods Demographics and pathology results from a nurse-led health assessment program for newly arrived refugees over the two years 2013 and 2014 were analysed. Prevalences of screened conditions were calculated and compared by countries of birth and other demographic features. A specific category of those from Middle Eastern countries was created for comparative analysis. Results Pathology results were analysed for 3307 persons from a total of 4768 seen by the program (69.4%). Anaemia was found in 6% of males and 7.6% of females. Vitamin D deficiency (1%) countries
Second cohomology for finite groups of Lie type
Let be a simple, simply-connected algebraic group defined over
. Given a power of , let
be the subgroup of -rational points. Let be the
simple rational -module of highest weight . In this paper we
establish sufficient criteria for the restriction map in second cohomology
to be an
isomorphism. In particular, the restriction map is an isomorphism under very
mild conditions on and provided is less than or equal to a
fundamental dominant weight. Even when the restriction map is not an
isomorphism, we are often able to describe in
terms of rational cohomology for . We apply our techniques to compute
in a wide range of cases, and obtain new
examples of nonzero second cohomology for finite groups of Lie type.Comment: 29 pages, GAP code included as an ancillary file. Rewritten to
include the adjoint representation in types An, B2, and Cn. Corrections made
to Theorem 3.1.3 and subsequent dependent results in Sections 3-4. Additional
minor corrections and improvements also implemente
First cohomology for finite groups of Lie type: simple modules with small dominant weights
Let be an algebraically closed field of characteristic , and let
be a simple, simply connected algebraic group defined over .
Given , set , and let be the corresponding
finite Chevalley group. In this paper we investigate the structure of the first
cohomology group where is the
simple -module of highest weight . Under certain very mild
conditions on and , we are able to completely describe the first
cohomology group when is less than or equal to a fundamental dominant
weight. In particular, in the cases we consider, we show that the first
cohomology group has dimension at most one. Our calculations significantly
extend, and provide new proofs for, earlier results of Cline, Parshall, Scott,
and Jones, who considered the special case when is a minimal nonzero
dominant weight.Comment: 24 pages, 5 figures, 6 tables. Typos corrected and some proofs
streamlined over previous versio
Social support, adherence to Mediterranean diet and physical activity in adults: results from a community-based cross-sectional study
There is a growing recognition that social support can potentially exert consistent or opposing effects in influencing health behaviours. The present paper presents a cross-sectional study, including 2,064 adults from Italy, Spain and Greece, who were participants in a multi-centre randomised controlled trial (C4H study), aiming to examine whether social support is correlated with adherence to a healthy Mediterranean diet and physical activity. Social support data were available for 1,572 participants. The majority of the sample reported emotional support availability (84.5 %), financial support availability (72.6 %) and having one or more close friends (78.2 %). Mediterranean diet adherence was significantly associated with emotional support (P = 0.009) and social network support (P = 0.021). No statistically significant associations were found between participant physical activity and the social support aspects studied. In conclusion, emotional and social network support may be associated with increased adherence to the Mediterranean diet. However, further research is needed to evaluate the role of social support in adherence to healthy Mediterranean diet
The mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 in liver is required to mitigate NASH and prevents the activation of the mitochondrial ISR
[Objective]: The mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 was proposed to promote NAFLD, as inhibition of hepatocyte Drp1 early in life prevents liver steatosis induced by high-fat diet in mice. However, whether Drp1-knockdown in older mice can reverse established NASH is unknown.
[Methods]: N-acetylgalactosamine-siRNA conjugates, an FDA approved method to deliver siRNA selectively to hepatocytes, were used to knockdown hepatocyte-Drp1 in mice (NAG-Drp1si). NASH was induced in C57BL/6NTac mice by Gubra-Amylin-NASH diet (D09100310, 40% fat, 22% fructose and 2% cholesterol) and treatment with NAG-Drp1si was started at week 24 of diet. Circulating transaminases, liver histology, gene expression of fibrosis and inflammation markers, and hydroxyproline synthesis determined NASH severity. Liver NEFA and triglycerides were quantified by GC/MS. Mitochondrial function was determined by respirometry. Western blots of Oma1, Opa1, p-eIf2α, as well as transcriptional analyses of Atf4-regulated genes determined ISR engagement.
[Results]: NAG-Drp1si treatment decreased body weight and induced liver inflammation in adult healthy mice. Increased hepatic Gdf15 production was the major contributor to body-weight loss caused by NAG-Drp1si treatment, as Gdf15 receptor deletion (Gfral KO) prevented the decrease in food intake and mitigated weight loss. NAG-Drp1si activated the Atf4-controlled integrated stress response (ISR) to increase hepatic Gdf15 expression. NAG-Drp1si in healthy mice caused ER stress and activated the mitochondrial protease Oma1, which are the ER and mitochondrial triggers that activate the Atf4-controlled ISR. Remarkably, induction of NASH was not sufficient to activate Oma1 in liver. However, NAG-Drp1si treatment was sufficient to activate Oma1 in adult mice with NASH, as well as exacerbating NASH-induced ER stress. Consequently, NAG-Drp1si treatment in mice with NASH led to higher ISR activation, exacerbated inflammation, fibrosis and necrosis.
[Conclusion]: Drp1 mitigates NASH by decreasing ER stress, preventing Oma1 activation and ISR exacerbation. The elevation in Gdf15 actions induced by NAG-Drp1si might represent an adaptive response decreasing the nutrient load to liver when mitochondria are misfunctional. Our study argues against blocking Drp1 in hepatocytes to combat NASH.M.L. and O.S.S. are funded by Janssen Research and Development, LLC, ICD #M3229099 – 846328. O.S.S. is funded by R01 DK099618-05; R01 CA232056-01; R21AG060456-01; R21 AG063373-01
In vivo Hypoxia and a Fungal Alcohol Dehydrogenase Influence the Pathogenesis of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis
Currently, our knowledge of how pathogenic fungi grow in mammalian host environments is limited. Using a chemotherapeutic murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) and 1H-NMR metabolomics, we detected ethanol in the lungs of mice infected with Aspergillus fumigatus. This result suggests that A. fumigatus is exposed to oxygen depleted microenvironments during infection. To test this hypothesis, we utilized a chemical hypoxia detection agent, pimonidazole hydrochloride, in three immunologically distinct murine models of IPA (chemotherapeutic, X-CGD, and corticosteroid). In all three IPA murine models, hypoxia was observed during the course of infection. We next tested the hypothesis that production of ethanol in vivo by the fungus is involved in hypoxia adaptation and fungal pathogenesis. Ethanol deficient A. fumigatus strains showed no growth defects in hypoxia and were able to cause wild type levels of mortality in all 3 murine models. However, lung immunohistopathology and flow cytometry analyses revealed an increase in the inflammatory response in mice infected with an alcohol dehydrogenase null mutant strain that corresponded with a reduction in fungal burden. Consequently, in this study we present the first in vivo observations that hypoxic microenvironments occur during a pulmonary invasive fungal infection and observe that a fungal alcohol dehydrogenase influences fungal pathogenesis in the lung. Thus, environmental conditions encountered by invading pathogenic fungi may result in substantial fungal metabolism changes that influence subsequent host immune responses
Orbit optimization for ASTROD-GW and its time delay interferometry with two arms using CGC ephemeris
ASTROD-GW (ASTROD [Astrodynamical Space Test of Relativity using Optical
Devices] optimized for Gravitation Wave detection) is an optimization of ASTROD
to focus on the goal of detection of gravitation waves. The detection
sensitivity is shifted 52 times toward larger wavelength compared to that of
LISA. The mission orbits of the 3 spacecraft forming a nearly equilateral
triangular array are chosen to be near the Sun-Earth Lagrange points L3, L4 and
L5. The 3 spacecraft range interferometrically with one another with arm length
about 260 million kilometers. In order to attain the requisite sensitivity for
ASTROD-GW, laser frequency noise must be suppressed below the secondary noises
such as the optical path noise, acceleration noise etc. For suppressing laser
frequency noise, we need to use time delay interferometry (TDI) to match the
two different optical paths (times of travel). Since planets and other
solar-system bodies perturb the orbits of ASTROD-GW spacecraft and affect the
(TDI), we simulate the time delay numerically using CGC 2.7 ephemeris
framework. To conform to the ASTROD-GW planning, we work out a set of 20-year
optimized mission orbits of ASTROD-GW spacecraft starting at June 21, 2028, and
calculate the residual optical path differences in the first and second
generation TDI for one-detector case. In our optimized mission orbits for 20
years, changes of arm length are less than 0.0003 AU; the relative Doppler
velocities are less than 3m/s. All the second generation TDI for one-detector
case satisfies the ASTROD-GW requirement.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figures, 1 tabl
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